Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: ��strategies�� for nutrient uptake and growth outside the Redfield comfort zone     

Patricia M. GLIBERT  JoAnn M. BURKHOLDER 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2011,29(4):724-738

While many harmful algal blooms have been associated with increasing eutrophication, not all species respond similarly and the increasing challenge, especially for resource managers, is to determine which blooms are related to eutrophication and to understand why particular species proliferate under specific nutrient conditions. The overall goal of this brief review is to describe why nutrient loads are not changing in stoichiometric proportion to the "Redfield ratio", and why this has important consequences for algal growth. Many types of harmful algae appear to be able to thrive, and/or increase their production of toxins, when nutrient loads are not in proportion classically identified as Redfield ratios. Here we also describe some of the physiological mechanisms of different species to take up nutrients and to thrive under conditions of nutrient imbalance.  相似文献   

Effect of nitrogen to phosphorus ratios on cell proliferation in marine micro algae     

张青田  胡桂坤 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2011,(4)

The ratio of nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) is known to affect cell proliferation of some marine micro algae. We evaluated the effect of N/P ratios on the proliferation and succession of phytoplankton using five marine micro algae species. We used two sources of nitrogen, NH4Cl (N1) and urea (N2), and a single source of phosphorous, NaH2PO4(P). The optimal N/P ratio that differed among the five species was affected by the source of nitrogen, being as follows (N1/P, N2/P in order): Thalassiosira sp. (30/1, 20/1),...  相似文献   

Application of stable isotope techniques in studies of carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles of ecosystem   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Zhigao Sun  Xiaojie Mou  Xinhua Li  Lingling Wang  Hongli Song  Huanhuan Jiang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2011,21(2):129-148

Stable isotope techniques have been proved useful as tools for studying the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) biogeochemical cycles of ecosystem. This paper firstly introduced the basic principles and the distribution characteristics of stable isotope, then reviewed the recent advances and applications of stable isotope in the C and N biogeochemical cycles of ecosystem. By applying the 13 C natural abundance technique, ecologists are able to understand the photosynthetic path and CO 2 fixation of plants, the CO 2 exchange and C balance status of ecosystem, the composition, distribution and turnover of soil organic C and the sources of organic matter in food webs, while by using the 13 C labeled technique, the effects of elevated CO 2 on the C processes of ecosystem and the sources and fate of organic matter in ecosystem can be revealed in detail. Differently, by applying the 15 N natural abundance technique, ecologists are able to analyze the biological N 2 -fixation, the N sources of ecosystem, the N transformation processes of ecosystem and the N trophic status in food webs, while by using the 15 N labeled technique, the sources, transformation and fate of N in ecosystem and the effects of N input on the ecosystem can be investigated in depth. The applications of both C and N isotope natural abundance and labeled techniques, combined with the elemental, other isotope ( 34 S) and molecular biomarker information, will be more propitious to the investigation of C and N cycle mechanisms. Finally, this paper concluded the problems existed in current researches, and put forward the perspective of stable isotope techniques in the studies on C and N biogeochemical cycles of ecosystem in the future.  相似文献   

Alkaline phosphatase activity in ornithogenic soils in polar tundra     

MA DaWei  ZHU RenBin  DING Wei  SUN JianJun  LIU YaShu  SUN LiGuang 《极地研究(英文版)》2011,22(2):92-100

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Herbaceous layer development during spring does not deplete soil nitrogen in the Portuguese montado     

D.O. Otieno  H. MirzaeiM.Z. Hussain  Y.L. LiM.W.T. Schmidt  M. Wartinger  E. Jung  N. RibeiroJ.S. Pereira  J. Tenhunen 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(3):231-238

Nitrogen (N) content in the soil and in the herbaceous biomass were monitored during spring of 2004-2006 to determine how the herbaceous layer development influences soil N availability in the montado ecosystem of southern Portugal. Highest (246.6 ± 52.7 g m⁻²) and lowest (123.2 ± 89.5 g m⁻²) peak biomass occurred in 2006 and 2005 respectively. Total soil N within the top 20 cm soil profile ranged between 0.2 ± 0.1% in February and 0.41 ± 0.2% in May, while available soil N was lowest (5 ± 2 μg g⁻¹soil) in February but increased three-to-five fold in March and was >17.5 μg g⁻¹soil at senescence in May. Significant (p < 0.001) increase in total N in the aboveground pool occurred between February and May. There was however, no decay in soil N content. Instead, the herbaceous vegetation enhanced soil N input and N retention in the ecosystem. Most of the herbaceous plants were annuals with large reserves of organic N at senescence, which returned to the soil as detritus. The herbaceous vegetation is a critical component of the montado that contributes to N recharge and cycling within the ecosystem.  相似文献   

扎龙湿地芦苇沼泽对农田排水中氮、磷净化效果的模拟研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高蕊  章光新  李绪谦  李红艳 《湿地科学》2011,9(4):334-339

农田排水已经成为扎龙湿地水环境污染的重要来源之一.采集扎龙湿地芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽区土壤和植物样品,开展为期18天的室内模拟试验,以进水中氨氮(NH4+-N)含量为基准,设计了6组实验,研究芦苇沼泽对不同氮、磷含量农田排水中主要污染物的去除效果,及进水在沼泽中的不同停留时间对湿地去污效果...  相似文献   

太湖春季浮游植物群落对不同形态氮的吸收   总被引：15，自引：11，他引：4  

杨柳  章铭  刘正文 《湖泊科学》2011,23(4):605-611

为研究太湖春季浮游植物群落氮吸收特征及其与浮游植物群落结构和环境因子的关系,于2010年5月中旬采集太湖6个点位水样,利用15N稳定同位素示踪技术,测定太湖浮游植物群落对硝态氮,铵态氮和尿素的吸收,结果表明:太湖浮游植物群落对铵态氮的吸收速率均值最高,占几种氮总吸收量p(DN)的62.8%,各点位值在0.181 -1....  相似文献   

城市化进程对氮循环格局及动态的影响研究进展   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

高群  余成 《地理科学进展》2015,34(6)

氮循环是全球生物地球化学循环的重要组成部分,随着城市化进程的不断加快,高强度的人类活动和城市景观格局的改变不仅影响了氮的循环过程,而且加重了氮污染的程度,对城市生态环境造成了严重的影响。城市尺度的氮循环研究不仅是全球关注的氮研究热点,而且也是城市生态学和城市地理学研究的前沿。本文基于城市生态系统的氮循环特征,综述了城市化进程对城市氮污染物来源、沉降、输移和累积影响研究的国内外大量研究成果,介绍了卫星遥感、稳定同位素、物质流模型等分析方法在城市氮循环研究中的应用,针对未来几十年活性氮增加可能带来的不利影响,提出对活性氮的减缓策略,以有效抑制活性氮对环境的影响。未来城市氮循环研究需要开展长期系统监测、深化城市氮循环机理研究、创新研究范式和研究方法,并将研究成果与城市规划和城市发展研究相结合,提升城市氮管理能力。  相似文献   

高效分解水产原料的菌株分离鉴定和组合发酵初探     

宋敏  刘为  张鹰炯  童晓倩  李鹏  王斌  罗红宇 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(4):800-807

为从一种组成未知的商用复合菌中分离并筛选出优势发酵菌株,本实验采用稀释平板培养法,对菌种进行分离纯化,同时参照《真菌鉴定手册》和《常见细菌鉴定手册》,根据其形态学特征、生理生化特性,并分别结合16S r DNA和18S r DNA序列的比对分析对菌种进行鉴定。另外,本研究通过生长曲线测定,单菌种发酵试验以及多菌种混合发酵发酵试验,以游离氨基酸态氮为指标,以期筛选出发酵低值水产品制备菌肥的最佳菌株组合。结果显示,共分离得到4株菌,分别为a热带假丝酵母、b罗伦隐球菌、c枯草芽孢杆菌、d蜡样芽胞杆菌。且菌种组合acd发酵后游离氨基酸态氮的含量较对照组上升最显著,为8.276g/L。故可确定最佳发酵菌株配方为acd(热带假丝酵母+枯草芽孢杆菌+蜡样芽胞杆菌)。  相似文献   

温度和盐度对埋栖性双壳类泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa) 呼吸、排泄的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

焦海峰  严巧娜  郑丹  尤仲杰  严小军 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(6):1333-1338

在人工条件下采用静水封闭呼吸瓶的方法研究了温度、盐度对泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)呼 吸、排泄的影响, 并综合分析了温度、盐度交互作用对呼吸、排泄的影响程度, 为泥蚶基础生物学研 究积累了资料。结果表明, 在设定的不同温度条件下泥蚶耗氧率变化范围0.63-4.47mg/(g·h), 单因 素方差分析结果显示4 个盐度条件下泥蚶耗氧率的差异均极显著(P<0.01); 排氨率的变化范围 123.11-955.68μg/(g·h), 排氨率受温度的影响也均极显著(P<0.01); 经回归发现, 在温度13-31℃ 范 围内, 耗氧率和排氨率均与温度的变化呈显著的指数相关。除温度为18℃ 时, 其它各温度条件下, 不同盐度梯度间的耗氧率差异不显著(P>0.05), 盐度对排氨率影响的变化趋势不一致。在温度 (13-31℃)和盐度(18-28)时, 温度和盐度对耗氧率、排氨率的影响均存在交互作用, 耗氧率(Y)、排 氨率(Y)与温度(T)和盐度(S)之间的二元线性回归关系为Y=a+bT+cS+dT×S.泥蚶呼吸排泄的O:N 比 在4.50-13.07 之间, 平均值为7.16.泥蚶呼吸排泄的代谢活动受温度、盐度的影响显著。  相似文献